Clinical presentation:
Clinically, symptoms start 6 days after infection as malaise and headache, followed by sudden onset of fever, intense backache and generalized pains, mainly in the orbital and periarticular areas. After an afebrile interval of 24 to 48 hours, there is recurrence of fever for a day or two (‘saddleback fever’). There may be skin rash and lymphadenopathy.
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Toxoplasmosis is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.
For more information on Toxoplasmosis, please visit my website – Pathology of Toxoplasmosis
Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis, a tick-borne disease, is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
It comprises a wide spectrum of symptoms affecting skin, musculoskeletal system, heart, eye, central and peripheral nervous system.
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Chikungunya virus is a togavirus belonging to the genus alphavirus, indigenous to tropical Africa and Asia, where it is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes, usually of the genus Aedes.
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Tularemia is an acute, febrile, granulomatous, zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis.
Rabbits and rodents are the most important reservoirs, but many other wild and domestic animals are infected.
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Salmonella infection can be caused by contact with reptile and amphibian.
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Ref: The trouble with tiny turtles (CDC)
The word Anthrax is derived from the Greek word anthrakis or ‘coal’ in reference to the black skin lesions victims develop.
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The filarial nematode that causes onchocerciasis is known as Onchocerca volvulus.
Geographic distribution: The disease is seen in west and central Africa and in circumscribed areas of Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela and Columbia and in parts of Yemen.
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Coccidioidomycosis was first described in 1892 by Alejandro Posadas (a medical student from Argentina), when he evaluated Domingo Ezcurra, a soldier who presented with a verrucous papule on the right cheek. A diagnosis of mycosis fungoides with psorospermia was considered. After having observed spherical organisms with a double-refractile outer wall, that appeared similar to the protozoan Coccidia, Posadas and his mentor, Robert Wernicke, believed that these organisms had a parasitic origin. Ezcurra died in 1898 despite many topical treatments. His head is now conserved in a museum in Buenos Aires.
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Microscope - Seeing the Unseen 